介绍了光纤传感器,特别是干涉式光纤传感技术的优点｡给出了光纤Michelson干涉仪系统的结构｡重点给出了光纤Michelson干涉仪系统中信号光与参考光干涉原理以及影响干涉光强因素的理论分析｡详细阐述了单模光纤偏振控制器结构､工作原理以及其对光纤Michelson干涉仪系统传感臂偏振态的控制｡*后,给出了光纤Michelson干涉仪系统的应用分析｡ Theory and Application Analysis of Optical Fiber Michelson Interferometer YAO Jian-yong,ZHANG Sen,WANG Zhen,ZHOU Qi,LIU Meng-hua (Department of Photoelectron Technology,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430074,China) Abstract:The merit of optical fiber sensor and interferometric optical fiber sensing were introduced.The configuration of optical fiber Michelson interferometer system was given.The principle of signal optic beam intervening reference optic beam and the factors of influencing the intensity of interferential optic beam were emphasizly introduced in theory.Meanwhile,the configuration and principle of optical fiber polarization controller were detailedly described.The polarizing state of optical fiber reference arm how to be controlled was discussed.At last,the application analysis of the interferometer system was given. Key words:optical fiber polarization controller; optical fiber interferometer; interferometric principle analyse;application analysis