CampbellScientific CR10s monitor new homes in a Floridaneighborhood
Testing the promise ofenergy-efficient housing 项目概况 JordanCommons in southern Dade County is an innovative, energy-efficienthousing development being constructed for low-income victims ofHurricane Andrew. The goal of the project is tobuild an energy efficient neighborhood to serve as a model foraffordable housing in Florida. Habit at for Humanity isdeveloping the 40-acre tract and will oversee the construction ofnearly 150homes. Thehomes, which vary in size from 950 to 1,450 square feet, feature anumber of energy-efficiency measures recommended by the FloridaSolar Energy Center (FSEC): •Energyefficient envelope design •Shaded- or low-transmittance windows •Reflective white roof and light-colored walls •Ductsystem within the conditioned space •Landscape shading •Small,high-efficiency air conditioners •Solarwater heaters •Low-flow showerheads •Efficient refrigerators •Compact fluorescent lighting Perhapsmost importantly, the households that incorporate the efficiencyfeatures are being monitored for one year to document their energysavings — a proof-of-concept seldom attempted. With supportof the Florida Energy Office, FSEC is monitoring 10 homes in theenergy-efficient development and comparing them with 10 controlhomes without energy-efficient features in nearby FloridaCity. Theparameters listed in the chart on back will be monitored in bothneighborhoods.  FSEC assistant John Broughton installs sensors on the roof of one of the monitored homes . Temperature measurements are obtained using type-Tthermocouples. The ambient air sensor wasshielded from direct radiation by placing it inside a ventedenclosure. Capacitive-type humidity transmitters provide temperaturecompensated RH readings. Cupped wind speed anemometers aremounted one meter above the roof line. Insolation is measured using ahorizontally mounted silicon-cell pyranometer located on the rooftop. Windowventilation is obtained from magnetic contact switches mounted onthe operable windows that send signals back to thedatalogger. Electrical power consumption was assessed using eight 50-and200-amp, pulse-initiating power transducers. CR10dataloggers read instrument data at 5-second intervals. Integrated or totalized values are stored every 15 minutes. Data are transferred from the data-loggers to a mainframe computer each evening and automatically plotted to summarize the daily performance parameters measured at each site. The project engineer reviews the plots the following morning to ensure reliable data collection.  FSECresearch engineers audited the10 control group sites withdataloggersand associated instrumentation installed inJuly of 1994.To our knowledge,thiseffort represents the most ambitiouscol-lection of energy end-use data in low-income housing in NorthAmerica. Beforewe installed the instrumenta-tion,many predicted that energy forheat-ing water would be greater than any otherenergy use in thehomes. Hot water use isstrongly linkedto occupancy,and the con-trol houses average more than fourper-sons per household. However,the datashowed thatnearly half the energy usedwas for air conditioning. The next largestuse,water heating,was much lower at 18percent. So much for pre-monitoringspeculation. As wefurther examined the air condi-tioning data,an intriguing factsurfaced:among the 10 control homes,which arenearly identical,theAC use varied by 5:1.Again,however,the detailed data allowedclearinsight into the differences. Wefound that the thermostatsetting ex-plained more than 80 percent of the dif-ference in ACenergy use from one hometo the next. For each degree thethermo-stat was set below 81°F,the AC useincreased by 12percent. Basedon such data,we have been ableto make better informed decisions toim-prove construction of the efficient homes.But the real test isjust beginning. WithJordan Commons now underconstruction,FSEC will be installing the monitoringequipment forthe 10 experimental homes.At the end of one year ofcomparativemonitoring,the accumulated data taken atJordan Commonswill be analyzed againstthat taken from the control group homesinFlorida City. The results should allowthe verification of performance oftheenergy-efficiency measures and serve asthe basis for improvingaffordable hous-ing in Florida into the nextcentury.
应用类型：家庭能源监测 位置：美国，佛罗里达州，DadeCounty 撰稿人：Danny S. Parker and John R.Sherwin, Florida Solar EnergyCenter, Cocoa, Florida 数据采集器：Campbell Scientific CR10s 通讯：电话线 测量参数：家庭能源使用；气象状况，包括空气温度，太阳辐射，RH，风速，地表水温度，地下水温度，建筑物状况 |