气象、蒸发，水位和水质监测

CSI-driven ‘R.I.S.E.’benefitshomeowners,　farmers,　water managers and researchers
New Jersey counties rely on　network of stations fortimely　weather and water data

when the South Jersey　ResourceConservation and　Development Council,　Inc., was challenged toprovide a fast and　convenient irrigation water management plan toarea farmers and,　later,　to　areahomeowners,　Campbell　Scientific,　Inc.,(CSI) quickly entered　thepicture.  It was 1993 and the　Council,　a 501(c)(3) nonprofitorganization,　was building the foundation for　its ResourceInformation Serving　Everyone (R.I.S.E.) network.  Thenet-work’s primary focus was,　and　remains,　agricultural waterconservation,　but grew into a multifunction　undertaking when asecondary objective of fulfilling an Environmental　ProtectionAgency (EPA) requirement　for an in-kind local waterconservation　project near a Superfund Site,　and　later an objectiveaddressing watershed modeling,　were added.  R.I.S.E.　stationsare currently distributed　throughout eight of New Jersey’s11southern counties.  Now,　with a total　of 17 weather stationsand four water-quality stations spanning much of　southern NewJersey,　CSI remains at　the heart of a system upon which　watermanagers,　farmers,　homeowners,　and researchers have learnedto　depend.

Weather stations within the R.I.S.E.　network are based around aCR10XMeasurement and Control System,　which measures temperatureand　humidity with a Vaisala HMP35C orHMP45C temperature andhumidity　sensor,　solar energy with a Li-CorLI200S or LI200Xpyranometer,　wind speed and direction with a RM

R.I.S.E. station sites provide ample room forwheelchair access and allow school children the opportunity tostudy the network.

APPLICATION AT A GLANCE Application type:　Meteorological,evapotranspiration,　water level and quality monitoring　Projectarea:　Southern New Jersey, U.S.A.　Author:　SteveQuesen　berry　Contracting agencies:　So. Jersey ResourceConservation　and Development Council, Inc.　Datalogger　(s):　CampbellScientific CR10(X)s　Communication links:　Telephone　Measuredparameters:(Weather Stations) Air temperature,　relative humidity,rainfall, solar radiation, wind speed and direction(Water QualityStations) water　velocity, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, waterlevel, air temperature,　relative humidity and rainfall

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Young’s Wind Sentry Set,　and rainfall　with a TE525 or TE525WStipping bucket　rain gage.  Sensors are measured every60seconds and output occurs hourly,　every　six hours,　anddaily.  Conditional outputs　document rainfall every sixminutes during an event.  Data are retrieved dailyvia　telephone modems connected to each　weather station.　

To maximize the benefits of the collected weather data,　theCouncil incorporated the Penman-Monteith　Evapotranspiration (ET)formula into each　datalogger’s program.  This allows forthe　approximation of the amount of water　used by the turf undereach weather station.  Using crop coefficients developed　byvarious researchers,　and soil moisture　numbers calculated by theUSDA Natural　Resources Conservation Service,　the user　can develophis or her own irrigation　water management concept for theirparticular agricultural crop.  These numbers　can be found inthe Council’s web site athttp://www.sjrcd.org

Of particular interest to New Jersey　researchers in watershedprotection and　management,　are the network’srainfall　measurements.  More specifically,　the six-minutesubset of rainfall is output during　rain events.  Thatprovides our clients a　detailed view of rainfall that wasnever　before available.　

In response to the rapidly dwindling　supply of fresh water,　theCouncil was　asked if the CSI system could help with a　homeownerwater conservation program.　Working with the local watercompany,　United Water Toms River,　the Council　installed a CSIweather station and helped　develop a lawn-watering program aimed　athomeowners.  An ET amount and an　approximation of minutes torun a hose-end or in-ground sprinkler system is pro-vided daily tothe local cable TV system,　one radio station,　and the localnewspapers.  This activity resulted in an approximate 1million gallon per day reduction in　peak daily summer waterrequirements　throughout this water system.

Once R.I.S.E weather stations record　theirdata,　customer-developed forms,　including the typical SPLITparameter　files found in CSI’s 　PC208W software,　make it manageableand easy to read. From its inception,　the R.I.S.E. net-work hasgreatly eased South Jersey RC& D Council’s challenge ofproviding　area farmers and homeowners with important informationrequired for effective　 irrigation water management.  Thesystem,　now easily accessed via the Internet,　allows the Council togather instantaneous　data for access by its many subscribersas　well as to rebroadcast much needed irrigation information tolocal television,　newspaper,　and radio station audiences.　Buildingon its initial goals,　the South　Jersey RC & DCouncil,　Inc.,　has expand-ed into watershed monitoring in itspursuit of supplying useful,　pertinent　information to those whocan　have an impact on resource conservation.  Findingweather　data to be just part of its　environmentalmonitoring　needs,　the Council　expanded its presence　by selectingCSI　water-quality stations　to provide related　environmentaldata　needed in the area.

Depth ranges from base flow of less than a footto 5 feet in storm events at this water quality station.  Theenclosure houses a CR10X, PS12LApower supply, phone modem, and VMTinterface.

Using a Campbell　Scientific CR10X Measurement　and ControlSystem,　each water-quality station includes a VMT Water　VelocitySensor,　pH probe,OBS3Turbidity Monitor,　Oxyguard　Dissolved OxygenProbe,　shaft　encoder,　Vaisala HMP45C Temperature　and HumidityProbe,TE525WS Tipping　Bucket Rain Gage,　and a phone modem.　Thesensor assemblage allows each station to contribute to a clearunderstanding of the hydrologic dynamics and man-made influences onthe Upper Cohansey　Watershed in New Jersey’s Cumberl　and　County.

This map of New Jersey shows the location　of the17 weather stations that comprise the　R.I.S.E network, distributedthroughout　eight of the state’s 11 southern counties.　An additionalfour water quality stations　are located on the UpperCohansey　Watershed in Cumberland County.