In this study, the preparation parameters of cellulose nanofibers from potato residues (PCNFs) by ultrasonication

combined with high-pressure homogenization were optimized based on yield, zeta-potential and morphology.

The optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic power of 125 W for 15 min and homogenization pressure of

40 MPa four times. The yield, zeta potential and diameter range of the obtained PCNFs were 19.81 %, − 15.60

mV and 20–60 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic

resonance spectroscopy results showed that part of the crystalline region of cellulose was destroyed, resulting in a

decrease in crystallinity index from 53.01 % to 35.44 %. The maximum thermal degradation temperature

increased from 283 ◦C to 337 ◦C. PCNFs suspensions were non-Newtonian fluids and exhibited rigid colloidal

particle properties. In conclusion, this study provided alternative uses for potato residues generated from starch

processing and showed great potential for various industrial applications of PCNFs.