肿瘤对人类健康危害极大,特别是恶性肿瘤的**已经成为困扰世界各国的难题。从上世纪70年代以来,先后有美国、德国、日本和中国开始利用重离子束**肿瘤的试验研究。与传统的放射**肿瘤的电子、X等常规射线相比,重离子束被证明是当今世界上*先进有效的放疗方法,对于患者来说,具有对健康组织辐射损伤轻、疗程短、**率高等特点。不过这一**方法也存在自身的一些问题,因此还需要更深入的研究。
在这篇文章中,研究人员证实两种人脉络膜黑色素瘤细胞系92-1和OCM-1具有相同的DNA损伤修复能力,但两种细胞的辐射敏感性却存在极大差异。研究人员**报道了细胞周期长期停滞现象,并对其机制进行了相关研究。研究发现,X射线或高LET12C6+重离子辐照均能够引起92-1和OCM-1细胞周期G2期阻滞,并在辐射后16小时G2期阻滞达到*大值。之后,OCM-1可跨越G2期阻滞重新进入新的细胞周期;但92-1在辐射后5天仍无法跨越G2期阻滞,处于长期细胞周期停滞状态。研究进一步证实,92-1细胞周期停滞与辐照剂量相关并存在剂量阈值。此外,研究还发现细胞周期蛋白CyclinB1的降解与细胞周期停滞相关,有关细胞周期停滞的机制有待更加深入的研究。
这一研究成果有助于科学家们了解X射线或重离子辐照对细胞周期的影响,对于重离子肿瘤**具有重要意义。我国是世界上第四个开展重离子肿瘤**临床试验研究的国家,利用中国科学院近代物理研究所在兰州重离子加速器上建成了头个重离子浅层**终端。2006年,中国科学院近代物理研究所与当地卫生机构合作,开始了重离子浅层肿瘤**临床试验研究。在浅层肿瘤**临床试验取得成功的基础上,中国重离子**肿瘤又有了新进展。
近代物理研究所利用新近建成的科学装置——兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)提供的高能碳离子束,在进行治癌束流物理特性测试、细胞和动物辐照实验的基础上,与兰州**兰州总医院和甘肃省肿瘤医院合作,实现了深层肿瘤(体内深度2厘米-10厘米)的重离子**。相信随着研究和临床实验的逐渐深入,这一技术将会越来越完善。
原文摘要:
Cell cycle suspension: A novel process lurking in G2 arrest
Cell cycle checkpoint is a self-protective mechanism for cellsto monitor genome integrity and ensure the high-fidelitytransmission of genetic information to daughter cells. Insufficientfunction of cell cycle checkpoints has been demonstrated topartially account for tumor initiation, promotion and progression.In the ten melanoma cell lines that we tested in preliminaryexperiments, two human uveal melanoma cell lines, 92-1 and OCM-1,were found to be significantly different in terms ofradiosensitivity but similar in DNA repair ability. Evident G2arrest was induced in both cell types and the maximum was reachedat 16 h after irradiation regardless of X-rays or high-LET carbonbeams. OCM-1 cells overrode the G2 arrest and reentered the cellcycle right after reaching the maximum, whereas 92-1 could not.Upon 10 Gy of radiation, the cell cycle of 92-1 was suspended andremained unchanged for up to 5 d. The cell cycle suspension is aunique process lurking in G2 arrest and related to cellularradiosensitivity. Its induction is dose-dependent and there is adose threshold for it. The degradation of Cyclin B1 has been foundrelated to the cell cycle suspension though, the mechanism of cellcycle suspension is still under investigation. Basing on ourknowledge, this is the first report on cell cycle suspension and wepresent here a de novo mechanism to cellular radiosensitivity.Further clarification of the mechanism underlying cell cyclesuspension is believed to be of significance in tumorradiosensitization or even direct tumor control.