领导这一研究的是奥地利科学院有名的神经干细胞专家Juergen A.Knoblich教授,这位科学家早年毕业于马普研究院,之后曾在华裔美国科学院院士伉俪:詹裕农(Yuh-Nung Jan)叶公杼(Lily Yeh Jan)夫妻实验室从事研究工作。Knoblich教授研究组主要研究兴趣是不对称分子分裂的分子机制,他们利用果蝇了解蛋白如何在有丝分裂过程中决定不对称分裂的。近年来,其研究组又从干细胞角度分析神经发育。Knoblich教授曾获得多个奖项,也发表过多篇文章,在Nature,Science,Cell等**刊物也发表过许多成果,其中的一些文章都是这一领域的经典文章,比如他的一篇Cell文章就入选了Cell杂志引用次数*多的文章之一。
干细胞自我更新与分化之间的平衡十分重要,需要精密调控,才能确保组织的动态平衡,阻止肿瘤的发生。因此这方面的研究也倍受瞩目,许多大型实验室也进行了相关研究,比如之前哈佛医学院,波士顿儿童医院的研究人员就描述过胚胎干细胞自我更新与分化平衡维持机制。
在这篇文章中,研究人员利用全基因组RNAi扫描,识别出了维持果蝇成神经细胞自我更新与分化平衡的620个基因,并且一一找出了对应的表型,包括增殖,细胞大小,细胞形状,族系等方面。从中研究人员找到了一组对于自我更新十分重要的转录调控子,通过阶层式分群方法(hierarchicalclustering),结合交叉数据,获得了成神经细胞自我更新与分化的功能性网络图。
这些研究数据说明了染色质重塑Brm复合物,剪接体,TRiC/CCT复合物的关键作用,也提出了可变剪接转录因子Lola和转录延长因子Ssrp和Barc在成神经细胞自我更新过程中的调控作用。而且通过在小鼠神经干细胞中分析这些基因的作用,也丰富了我们对于哺乳动物神经生物学的了解。
原文摘要:
Genome-Wide Analysis of Self-Renewal in Drosophila Neural StemCells by Transgenic RNAiRalph A. Neumüller, Constance Richter, Anja Fischer, MariaNovatchkova, Klaus G. Neumüller, Juergen A. Knoblich
HighlightsGenome-wide RNAi screen finds 620 genes regulating Drosophilaneural stem cellsA set of transcriptional regulators is essential for neural stemcell self-renewalBrm complex, spliceosome, and TRiC/CCT-complex regulate neuraldifferentiationAlternative splicing and transcriptional elongation are required inneural stem cellsSummaryThe balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation isprecisely controlled to ensure tissue homeostasis and preventtumorigenesis. Here we use genome-wide transgenic RNAi to identify620 genes potentially involved in controlling this balance inDrosophila neuroblasts. We quantify all phenotypes and derivemeasurements for proliferation, lineage, cell size, and cell shape.We identify a set of transcriptional regulators essential forself-renewal and use hierarchical clustering and integration withinteraction data to create functional networks for the control ofneuroblast self-renewal and differentiation. Our data identify keyroles for the chromatin remodeling Brm complex, the spliceosome,and the TRiC/CCT-complex and show that the alternatively splicedtranscription factor Lola and the transcriptional elongationfactors Ssrp and Barc control self-renewal in neuroblast lineages.As our data are strongly enriched for genes highly expressed inmurine neural stem cells, they are likely to provide valuableinsights into mammalian stem cell biology as well.